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In this work, barium titanate, BaTiO3 ceramic was prepared using two systems, BaO- TiO2

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poetry, improvisation, alienation, Abdul Mohsen Al-Kazemi.We ask God to grant success in this work.

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In this work lactone, 1 was prepared from the reaction of p-nitro phenyl hydrazine with ethylacetoacetate, which upon treatment with benzoyl chloride afforded the lactame, 2. The reaction of, 2 with 2-amino phenol produced a new Schiff base, L in good yield. Complexes of V, IV, Zr, IV, Rh, III, Pd, II, Cd, II and Hg, II with the new Schiff base, L have been prepared. The compounds, 1, 2 were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy, as well as characterizing ligand, L by the same techniques with elemental analysis, C.H.N and, 1H-NMR. The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometries were suggested by using elemental analysis, C.H.N, flame atomic absorption technique, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, in addition to magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. Metal to ligand [M:L] ratio was obtained for all complexes in ethanol using molar ratio method, which gave comparable results with those obtained for the solid complexes. As well as the apparent stability constant of the complexes have been studied with the time and their color were stable for more than 4 hrs., furthermore the molar absorptivity have been calculated.

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In this work, the effect of microwave on asphalt, heating rat, resistance to deformation and retain stability was examined. Two different asphalt samples were used. The first, standard asphalt, A and the second one with %2 of sulfur in bitumen, B have been exposed to microwave. The measured temperature on the surface showed an increase up to 120 ºC in 5 minutes for sample A, while it reached to 145 ºC for sample in the second cycle of exposure to microwave in the same time. The increase rate in temperature for B samples was slightly lower. The presence of sulfur in asphalt reinforced the physical properties and the asphalt became more resistant to water and rutting for sample B after exposure to microwave radiation. Theoretically, the rise of temperature was found to be, 0.64 ºC/minute for one ton of asphalt needing microwave power energy of 1000 watt, but practically, some of this energy loss can be attributed to the conductivity and the penetration of the wave out of asphalt region. This study proved that the better incident angle reducing this loss by using the equation ɵ=sin-1, x/, 1/ α, and was found to be 28ºC and 37ºC for sample A and B respectively. The results showed the possibility of using microwave radiation in repairing the damaged roads asphalt with economic effective and green method.

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Single-Metal-semiconductor-metal, Photodetectors, Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N, PA-MBE, SBH, QE, NEPAbstractMetal-semiconductor-metal, MSM photodetectors, PDs based on gold and silver, Au, Ag/Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N, commercial sample/, Au, Ag have been fabricated and characterized. The effect of annealing temperature of As deposit, 400, 500, and 600 0C for 30 min on the topography and electrical properties of Au contact on Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N thin film have been characterized and optimized using Current-Voltage, I-V characteristic. Schottky barrier height, SBH and ideality factor, n of Au/ Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N interface were 1.223 eV and 1.773 at 50 0C annealing temperature for 30 min respectively, andit is found that contact hasa high-quality surface. Also, with the same procedure, the effect of annealing time of 15, 30, 45 minutes, and 1 hour have been studied and optimized. The results revealed that the best annealing time is 30 min which hasthe highest SBH. Au contact compared with Ag contact used to first time as best our knowledge with the optimal condition to select the best metal for MSM photodetectors, PDs. The ideal characterization of Au, Ag/AlInGaN/Au, Ag MSMPDs on Si substrate depend on responsivities of 0.201 and 0.153 A W-1, quantum efficiencies of 71% and 57%, and NEPs of 3.55×10-4 and 1.45×10-3W-1, respectively have been also studied compared. The height SBH and QE for thesamples grown on Si was at Au contact which proposed to use in such optoelectronic devices.IntroductionAlthough GaN hasmany advantages in many optoelectronic devices application however Quaternary, AlInGaN thin films consider as promising material and itattracted much research interest because theyallow almost independent control of the lattice mismatch and band off stein AlInGaN-based heterostructures. it has an attractive topic to be used in many applicationsfor any scientific research, such as optoelectronic devices operatein a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. it is a benefit due to the high-quality structures and strong ultraviolet emission at RT, it also allows more freedom and independent control regarding energy gap and latticesconstant [1, 2].Metal-semiconductor-metal, MSM has been suggested in this work because of its performance. It isformed from two schottky contacts like fingers that deposit on the top of the surface as shown in Figure, 1 [3].

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Abstract The Historical studies occupy a prominent position among the scientific studies. They are not different from them, since they depend on the Scientific, statistical standards and mathematical bases to reach the logical facts that fit to the situation of the historical event, the research problem. The quantitative method can be used to reach the scientific facts which are not revealed by the narrative method of the historical events, but it is documented by scientific facts to reach the correct results that is acceptable of the mind and logic. Therefore, we must use the scientific theories to study the historical events to reveal the ambiguous facts which have been quoted by researchers many times under the refined and narrative description that was not justified. The quantitative approach in the history has scientific and intellectual implications that reveal the reasons and motives of this movement and points of the cultural and historical attraction of the required stage to study. As well, variety of the narratives, events and historical characters in the historical studies have made us in a critical position in front of the scientific revolution and the change requirements in formulation and presentation of the historical event in a systematic manner based on the facts and theories that concerns with the temporal and spatial dimensions of the event under this study. With the help of God, The Imam Hussein's journey to apply the quantitative aspect has been studied practically in this work which is taken from the nature and pattern of this journey the base for our the quantitative approach through the application of Einstein's theory of relativity and its application on this journey.

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